OSFED, which stands for Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder encapsulates all eating disorders that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for any other eating disorder included in the DSM-5. Examples of OSFED include atypical anorexia, atypical bulimia, binge-eating disorder (of low frequency and/or limited duration), purging disorder, night eating syndrome, or combinations thereof.
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) from the DSM-IV has been transformed into OSFED (Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder. OSFED is a feeding or eating disorder that causes significant distres or impairment, but does not meet the criteria for another feeding or eating disorder. Eating disorders are not always black and white, and individuals can exhibit disordered eating patterns even if they don’t meet the threshold for a full-blown diagnosis. This absolutely does not negate the seriousness and potentially negative impacts of disordered behaviors, as no matter one's diagnosis or weight, serious damage can and does occur.
Another term which falls under OSFED, UFED, which stands for Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder, is used to describe individuals who don't meet the full diagnostic criteria for any eating disorder, but the reason remains unspecified or the health care provider does not have adequate information to make another diagnosis.
The OSFED/UFED diagnosis replaced EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified) in the newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Disorders and symptoms that fall under OSFED include the following
:
-Atypical Anorexia Nervosa – Individual meets all of the criteria for anorexia, except for weight. The individual's weight remains within or above a normal and healthy range, even with significant weight loss.
-Atypical Bulimia Nervosa – Individual meets all the criteria for bulimia, except for frequency. The binging and purging happens less than once a week or for less than three months (on average).
-Binge-eating Disorder (of low frequency and/or limited duration) – Individual meets all the criteria for binge-eating disorder, except for frequency. The binging occurs less than once a week or for fewer than three months (on average).
-Purging Disorder – Individual engages in purging to influence weight or shape, but without binging. For example, eating what is considered a normal amount in a sitting, but still purging.
-Night Eating Syndrome – Individual has recurrent episodes of eating a night, such as eating after waking from sleep or excess calorie intake after dinner time. This does not include eating behavior that is within cultural or social norms, such as occasional midnight snacks. Night Eating Syndrome includes awareness of the eating, but is not better explained by external influences. Although not defined in the DSM-5, proposed criteria for Night Eating Syndrome includes consuming at least 25% of daily calorie intake after dinner, and/or evening awakenings with eating at least twice a week.
Although OSFED/UFED/EDNOS is probably the least-known of all eating disorders, it is important to note, as above, that it is just as dangerous as its counterparts, if not more so due to the fact that it can go undetected for so long. OSFED accounts for about 60% of all eating disorders, making it the most common disorder, and deserves treatment just as much as any other eating disorder.